Where is French Polynesia Located

Franco Polynesia, Franco Polynesia

Polynesia, an over-seas community of France, covers more than 100 South Pacific archipelagos covering more than 2,000 km. Tahiti, which lies within the Society Isles, is the most populated and home to the Community capitol, Pape'ete. There will be more than 68% of the total inhabitants of the archipelago in 2012.

Though Clipperton Island was not an established part of its territories, it was managed from French Polynesia until 2007. Macatea in French Polynesia is one of the three large Pacific Ocean Island phosphatesites - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru.

Nautical, maritime and oceanographic studies

Polynesia covers a 5. There are 5 million square kilometres of 130 archipelago islands: the Society Isles, the Marquesas Isles, the Gambier Isles, the Tuamotus Isles and the Tubuai Islands[1],[2]. Given these important socio-economic impacts of weather variation, this Atlas paper seeks to shed light on the dynamics that affect the region's climates, taking into account possible changes in the face of rising temperatures, and to describe recent policy and policy strategies for managing French Polynesia's watersides.

Part of the explanation for the different climatic regime and the different types of fallout between the archipelagoes lies in the broad latitude above which the Fr. Polynesian Isles are located (7°S - 28°S). Societies have a different set of precipitations, with strong rain from November to April (peak in December and January; Fig. 1b) and an annual mean of 1700 mm/year.

The Gambier Islands have a colder weather and relatively consistent and high rainfall (~ 1900 mm/year) throughout the year with little sunlight due to the southerly degree of latitude (Fig. 1d). Austral Islands, the most southerly French Polynesian island, is characterised by high annual rainfall (~2600mm/year; Figure 1e), temperature below 25°C, high atmospheric moisture and constantly high wind and sea waves[9].

The Intertropic Convergence Zone (ITCZ; Fig. 2)[11] is one of the most important characteristics that affects not only the French Polynesian but also the world's soils. Throughout the year, the cloud bands vary between 5°N and 10°N according to the seeming movement of the sun: it arrives at its most northerly point in July-August and its most southerly point in December-January[13].

In a recent tropical sediment survey, the ITCZ was situated most of the years of the last millenium southward of its present-day position and this motion could be related to lower temperature in the northern hemisphere[19]. On this assumption, it is possible that climate change could cause the ITCZ to move north, thus decreasing precipitation and increasing access to waters for many nations, as well as the Fr. Polynesian isles.

The South Pacific Co-operation Zone (SPCZ; Figure 2) is another important atmosphere system, perhaps more important in the connection with most French-Polynesian islands. SPCZ is characterised by a low convergent cloud and heavy convex precipitation range from the equatorial west Pacific to southeast towards French Polynesia, which reaches about 30°S, 120°W (Fig. 2)[21],[22],[23].

On the other hand, an "eastern controlling approach" leads back the origins and alignment of the SPCZ to geographical characteristics of South America (e.g. the Andes). The position and intensities of the SPCZ are closely related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)[30]. The climate change that occurs in the Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere System is natural.

The eastern Tradeswings and the Pacific Equatorial Current are weakening during the hot period (El Niño). The hot water of the West Pacific is moving eastwards and Australia and the West Pacific Islands are losing rainfall[31]. The opposite happens in the colder period of ENSO (La Niña): the trade wind increases and with it the convetive activities in the west Pacific, which cause higher rainfalls.

Due to the high precipitation gradient generated by the SPCZ, shifts in its location have a drastic impact on hydro-climatic factors and the incidence of severe meteorological incidents (e.g. drought, flooding, tropical storms) in the region[35]. There has been evidence that decreased precipitation during severe El Niño wildfires and drought on southern-Pacific Islands, and since the SPCZ functions as a cycle cemetery, a north motion also raises the likelihood of French Polynesia being hit by hurricanes[36],[37].

It is a situation in which drought and hurricanes could occur more frequently in society and on the Tuamotus Island. While a number of trials have seen an extension of the SPCZ south-east and have predicted this displacement with intensified west wind and an eastern extension of the Pacific Warm Pool[43] in conjunction with intensified trade wind and elevated mean and maximal rainfall in the SPCZ region[44].

Be it more rainfall, severe drought, reef pale or hurricanes, small countries in the South Pocific, such as French Polynesia, will be affected in one way or another. As the many Asian countries begin to make joint endeavours to tackle the impacts of climatic changes.

Such a group is the Division of Applied Geosciences and Technologies (SOPAC) of the Secretariat of the Peace Community (SPC). Its aim is "to use geosciences and technologies to create new possibilities for the improvement of the living conditions of Asian communities"[46]. Emphasis will be placed on better monitoring and assessing their indigenous nature and raising consciousness of the possible risk of climatic changes.

Deep lounging atlogs are very susceptible to drought and saltwater flooding, as they depend on rain and ground waters from the fresh waters lens[47]. An essential feature of these Pacific island civilizations is their resistance, which is based on traditionally held families' assets and societal structure. Most of the SPC members do not come from the French Polynesia Isles (or other parts of Polynesia).

Local Polynesian islanders will be respectful of politics and will only work together if political decision-makers adhere to certain ethical standards. SOPAC' s business area map shows Polynesian values[48]. All of these figures include due regard for the dynamics of the different civilizations on the different isles. The Pacific Island area has become very concerned about the effects of global warming.

They are dependent on a sensitive equilibrium of precipitation and groundwater[50]. Islets are exposed to natural fresh waters, so both too much and too little precipitation can be harmful[51]. In the Marshall Isles, the fragility of our waters became apparent after the particularly hard El Nino in 1997[53].

Cases like the Marshall Isles will soon deplete the storm drain, so that only ground waters remain. When overpumping the contact lenses, however, there is a risk of saline pollution from the sea[55]. As a result, the waters are no longer drinkable, with the added effect of destroying the island's crops[56]. It is susceptible to both extreme conditions, so floods can also pollute ground waters.

The Marshall Isles saw this other extremity in 2008: floods[57]. When the exceptionally high tide collapsed with a low tide system, leading to large swellings, there was a considerable flood of saltwater [58] on the isles. The Marshall and other Pacific Isles have opted for a holistic approach to the managment of stormwater and ground waters[60].

First, it is necessary for them to establish an efficient system for the control of their ground waters[61]. In addition, ROW treatment can be used in difficult environments such as the Marshall Island. Inter-island cooperation encourages individuals to work together to tackle similar risks posed by global warming.

These organisations are currently working to establish sustained industrial expansion in order to put the above-mentioned ground waters surveillance and treatment schemes into practice[64]. On many of the island, the focus is on developing a better freshwater system. There is little freshwater on these small island and catastrophes make it even more serious (e.g. windstorms and El-Nino/La Nina events)[66].

It shows what should be debated between the different isles and what would be the perfect for all. It is still a question of the island organising and implementing what SOPAC has suggested here. Adding large, unbiased, scholarly proofs of changing climatic trends in reaction to global warming could be crucial for greater inter-island co-operation and agility.

Together with various civilians and civil servants, we discussed access to fresh waters, resources, current issues and visions for the French Polynesia on three different islands: Tahiti, Rangiroa and Nuku Hiva. At Pape'ete we met Manuela Iaufoques, who works in the Center for Hygiene and PUBH.

Iaufoques says the most important springs in Tahiti are ground runoff and rivers. In Pape'ete, she said, there is no major issue with regard to access to water because it is supplied by the unspoilt Fatuaua Valley and the only drinking mineral purification system on the island[67].

On the other hand, she pointed out that other cities such as Papara are often lacking and that heavy rains in Tavao often affect local waters. Lastly, she noted that mean daily drinking volume is around 300 litres (80 CRP ('1 USD) per m3 ) and declining as they have recently fitted meters in households[70].

Because of linguistic impediments, we could only know that she used irrigation directly from a river to feed her crops and overall she didn't seem worried when we asked her about lack of water[71]. He said he is proud to have the best drinking quality drinking in all French Polynesia and said that he is paying about $30 a week for his house's drinking use.

It is interesting to note that he insisted that the present administration is taking measures to safeguard and expand access to waters to other cities in Tahiti without indicating what measures are being taken[73]. All in all, our observing the fields in Tahiti gave us the feeling that in Pape'ete there is no important topic of interest.

Those with whom we spoke were not worried and were satisfied with the present position on the issue of ours. Tahitian tap was the most important spring of potable water[74]. Herrlerre said, as usual, that catchment areas are rainy, but the authorities did not allow this drink because it is below hygiene standards[75].

Rangiroa's inhabitants depend on filled waters, Auber said. The house is located in Avatoru, where the inhabitants can go to buy drinking cisterns. Moreover, the price of it was no cheaper than the reuse of bottledwater. This system requires a great deal of maintenace, which is a problem for Avatoru due to a shortage of available gear and well-trained personnel[78].

Whereas the RO system is currently not effective, there are at least a number of coordinated attempts to supply the tunnel with its own air. Herlerre had the feeling that Rangiroa was dependent on the import of bottledwater. In the Taiohae River Basin, the only river basin on the whole length of the Taiohae River, we encountered the acting Mayor.

Taihae people can use the Taihae River for domestic work, but they must go to one of the three places in the Taihae River to get potable fresh tapas out of the island's aquatic lense for free. The mayor deputies said the whole archipelago is self-supporting.

The French authorities have, however, ordered the Taiohae valley to be able to supply every single house with drinking and drinking water by 2015. Either of the two alternatives is based on the same fundamental concept of laying pipes from adjacent dales whose waters are drinking. If you choose the first one, it is less expensive because it takes a short way to get the sea.

This would be more costly because it is a long way to get sea into the Taiohae vale, but the infrastructures would already be in place if the population were to move to this van. Upgrading their aquatic ecosystems will be a major task, but they appear to be relatively unstable compared to other Asian isles. The Taiohae basin cannot drinking its rivers, but they did not report any problems or bottlenecks in the groundwater supplies.

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