Bathala

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A painting with Bathala, a diwata and the Sarimanok birds..... Following the arrivals of Spaniards in the Philippines in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Bathala was recognized as the Christian God, i.e. his synonyms with Diyos (God) or Dibino (Divine, e.g. Mabathalang Awa), after J.V. Panganiban (Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles); in some Visayan tongues Bathala also means God.

Pedro Chirino's name " Bathala " in "Relación de las Islas Filipinas" (1595-1602) was perhaps a mixture of two different notations of the name from older texts such as "Badhala" in "Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos". Juan de Plasencia (1589) and "Batala" in "Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas" (1582, Miguel de Loarca), the latter was allegedly the right notation in Tagalog, since the character "h" is silenced in Spanish.

The name Bathala or Batala was apparently deduced from the Sanskrit "bhattara" (noble lord), which was published as the 16th c. titled "batara" in the Philippines and Borneo. As the name Bathala comes from Sanskrit, some scientists like Isabelo de los Reyes thought that Maykapál ("Creator") was the native name for the supreme being of the Tagalog.

Dr. José Rizal questioned the name of the Tagalog gods name was Bathala. However, most geographers and scientists acknowledged that the deity Bathalang Maykapál ("God the Creator") was mentioned in Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1595-1602) and could easily be referred to as Bathala (God) or Maykapál (Creator). Loarca and Chirino said that the Tagalogs recognized a creative gods whom they dubbed Bathala (Batala), while other informers described the Tagalogs gods as "Molayri" (Molaiari) or "Diwata" (Dioata).

"in other Filipino peoples and tongues. Linguistics follow the origins of the word divata to the Hindu word devata (Devanagari: ?????), which also relates to deity. From the Boxer Codex (1590b, 367) about Bathala according to the "pagan" Tagalogues:

" Aniteria was the concept used by the Hispanics to describe the Tagalog Faith, who saw them offering prayer and sacrifice despite the faith of the humans and due regard for the almighty Bathala ghosts named Afterito. In 1582 Miguel de Loarca (Relación de las Yslas Filipinas) asked them why the offerings were made to the Anitus, not Batala, they replied that Batala was a great master and no one could talk directly to him because he lived in heaven (Kaluwálhatian), so he sent down the Antiitos to care for them.

Thus the human being' souls ('káluluwa') become antiques (spirit or etheric being) after his or her demise in order to minister to Bathala and to stand up for the alive, similar to popular Catholicism or spiritualism. Spaniards thought that the Antiitos were devils deceiving the Tagalogues from worshiping God, but Bathala was the exceptional because it was similar to the Creator's Christendom.

Sir John Bowring (A Visit to the Philippine Island) said, "Priests were generally prepared to accept the name Bathala as an unobjectionable substitute for Dios (God). Bathala was revered in old Bicol as a little god, depicted by a small picture that they always wore as a lucky charm; according to the Bicol-gramatic of Mark of Lisbon (1628, 61) "they say that it was an antique that gave happiness to one who came with them".

A number of academics also identify Bathala with the SAMBAI goddess "Mallari" (Mayari), although after Andrés de San Nicolás (1664, 420), Bathala Mey kapal (Maykapal) was also performed among their gods, whose wrong genalogies and marvelous acts they celebrate in certain melodies and verse such as anthems, which William Henry Scott composed in their own cultures or faith due to the influence of the Tagalogues.

Bathala, the source of the first beings, is in the high mountain; in your two hands lies the Gen. Maniliw, who is a warlock. Bathala, you're, oh, little birdy, Adarna! The Philippine Bathala is found to be related to the main Indonesian Batak gods "Batara Guru", sons of the manuk patiaraja (Manuk means chicken and is in Tagalog "Manok").

Shiva is known in Indonesian Java legend as Bathara Guru. Philippine culture and society of the 16th century. Introductory course to the Philippine pagan religion. Filipino literature: Mitologico de les Filipinas by Ferdinand Blumentritt. Relación de les Islas Filipinas (1595-1602) by Pedro Chirino. Relación de Las Yslas Filipinas (1582) by Miguel de Loarca. Visiting the Philippine island by Sir John Bowring.

Filipino literature: