What are the British Isles

chip class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology

Situated in the north-west of Scotland, Ireland and northern Wales, the group's oldest cliffs are 2,700 million years old. The Lough Neagh, which is much bigger than other islands' seas, is 390 sqkm.

After the last ice age of the Quaternary around 12,000 B.C., when Great Britain was still part of a continental Europe area. Ireland, which became an isle around 12,000 BC, was only occupied after 8,000 BC[12] Britain became an isle around 5600 BC.

The Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (Northern Britain) and British (Southern Britain) strains, all speak Insular Celtic,[13] lived in the Isles at the beginning of the First World War. A large part of Britain ruled by Brittany was captured by the Holy Roman empire from 43 AD. Anglo-Saxons first came when Rome's rule diminished in the fifth and finally ruled most of present-day England.

In the ninth quarter, Viking invasion began, followed by more durable settlement and policy changes - especially in England. In 1066, the Norman invasion of England and the Anjou' s successive annexation of Ireland from 1169 onwards resulted in the introduction of a new Norman rule in large parts of Great Britain and Ireland.

In the late Middle Ages Great Britain was divided into the Kingdom of England and Scotland, while in Ireland it was controlled by the Gallic Kingdom, the Hiberno-Normans and the British dominion of Ireland, which was soon limited to The Pale. In 1707 the Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union and Acts of Union 1800 tried to strengthen Great Britain and Ireland in a unique policy entity, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, while maintaining the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as crown dependencies.

Expanding the British Empire and migration following the famine and highland clearance led to a global spread of the island's populations and cultures and rapid depopulation of Ireland in the second half of the nineteenth centuary. Following the War of Independence and the ensuing Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919-1922), most of Ireland separated from the United Kingdom, leaving six provinces as Northern Ireland.

In Ireland, the concept of British Isles is controversial,[7][15] where there are doubts about its use because of the connection of the British and Irish words. 16 ] The Irish government does not accept or use the term[17], and its message in London advises against it. Consequently, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternate description,[16][19][20] and the Atlantic Archipelago has had only a finite use among a minorities in science,[21][22][23][24] while the British Isles are still common.

When this ended, the Irish Channel was inundated and the Irish Channel was deglazed, with the level of the Channel reaching its present level some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, and the British Isles remaining in their present state. It is controversial whether there was a landbridge between Great Britain and Ireland at that point, although there was certainly only one blanket of glaciers that covered the whole ocean.

Ireland and Scotland's western coastlines, which lie directly on the Atlantic Ocean, are generally characterized by long promontories, peninsulae and coves. The inner and inner shores are "smoother". The group consists of about 136 permanent populated archipelagos, the two biggest being Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom lies in the Orient and encompasses 83,700 square kilometres (217,000 km2).

48 ] Ireland lies in the western part of the country and occupies 32,590 square kilometres (84,400 km2). 48 ] The biggest of the other isles are located on the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland in the northern part, Anglesey and the Isle of Man between Great Britain and Ireland and the Channel Isles off the French coastline.

They are located at a relatively low altitude, with low points in the south and south of the UK: the deepest point of the island is the North Slob in County Wexford, Ireland, with a height of -3.0 meters (-9.8 ft). Scotland's Highlands in the north of the UK are hilly, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the island at 1,343mt.

49 ] Other mountain areas are Wales and parts of Ireland, although only seven summits in these areas exceed 1,000mt. Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exceptional case and covers an area of 150 sq. km (390 km2). The biggest fresh water source in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond with 27.

The British Isles have 5 sq. km (71 km2) and Loch Ness, while Loch Morar is the lowest fresh water area in the British Isles with a max deep of 310mt. (1,017 ft). There are a number of large tributaries in the British Isles. Ireland's longest is the Shannon with 224 mile ('360 km').

The Severn is the longest in Great Britain at 354 km. However, there are fewer types, with Ireland having even fewer types. The entire indigenous wildlife in Ireland consists of alien animals from other parts of Europe, particularly Great Britain.

Like most European countries, pre-historic Britain and Ireland were marshland. Nevertheless, Great Britain kept its virgin woodland longer than most of Europe because of its small size of inhabitants and the later growth of commerce and industries.

The majority of Ireland's woodland is preserved through state afforestation schemes. In eastern and northern Scotland and south-eastern England, however, there are still relatively large areas of forested area. The most frequent species in England are oaks, elms, ashes and bees. Scotland is where pines and birches are most widely grown. The main types of wood in Ireland are oaks, elm, ash, birches and pines.

Although not found in Ireland, beech and linden are also used. There are other small animals such as bunnies, fox, Badgers, hare, hedgehogs and ermines which are very widespread and the Egyptian plain tiles have been re-introduced in parts of Scotland. After escaping from feral pig farming and illicit release, boars were re-introduced into parts of the South.

Only a few reptile or amphibian varieties are found in Great Britain or Ireland. There are only three serpents at home in Great Britain: the ordinary Eurasian viper, the grassy serpent and the slippery snake;[55] none are at home in Ireland. Generally, the UK has a little more variety and local wildlife, with weasel, polecat, wolf, wild cat, most shrew, mole, water mouse, toad, and toad missing in Ireland.

The Kerry snail and certain wood flower types from Ireland but not the UK are noteworthy exemptions. Pets are the Connemara bangs, the Shetland bangs, the English mastiff, the Irish alsatian greyhound and many different types of livestock and flock. British Isles per km²' . England's populace grew at a rapid pace in the nineteenth and twentieth century, while the Scottish and Wales peoples barely increased in the twentieth and Scotland's populace has remained stable since 1951.

Most of its story consisted of a people relative to its territory (about a third of the entire population). Since the great food crisis in Ireland, however, the country's populations have declined to less than a 10th of the British Isles. Starvation, which has led to centuries of depopulation, has dramatically diminished the size of the British Isles and changed their demographics.

Globally, this catastrophe has resulted in the emergence of an Irelandaspora fifteen-fold larger than the island's people. By the end of the last glacial period, today's British Isles were connected to continental Europe as a landmass stretching northwest of today's coast of France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Most of Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales and the north of England were iced. 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, when the glaciers were melting, ocean level was rising, dividing Ireland from Britain and forming the Isle of Man. Some two to four thousand years later, Great Britain was cut off from the continent.

Great Britain was probably inhabited again before the end of the glacial period and before separation from the continent. Ireland was probably populated by ship after becoming an isle. While the Romans built their civilization to rule the south of Britain, they were prevented from progressing further by constructing the Hadrian Wall in 122 AD to define the north border of their kingdom.

Ireland was then settled by a tribe called Hiberni, the north third of Britain by a tribe called Picts and the south two third by the British. Over the years, Anglo-Saxon claims on the British became so great that they dominated most of the south of Britain in cultural terms, although the latest scientific research indicates that the British still made up the majority of the British populace.

It is this domination that today's England creates, and which leaves British cultural slaves only in the northern part of today's England, in Cornwall and in today's Wales. It was untouched by the Romans, except that it was christianised by Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. When Europe, and Britain included, came into upheaval following the fall of Rome, an epoch known as the Middle Ages, Ireland enter a gold epoch and respond with missionary activities (first to Britain and then to the continent), the establishment of abbeys and university.

The invasion of the Vikings began in the ninth centuries, followed by more durable colonies, particularly along the eastern coastline of Ireland, the western coastline of present-day Scotland and the Isle of Man. Although the Vikings were finally neutralized in Ireland, their impact continued in the towns of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford.

England, however, was gradually invaded around the turn of the century A.D. and finally became Danish posses. A number of incidents that took place during the Norman invasion of England in 1066 focused on the relationship between the Vikings' offspring in England and Normandy in the north of France.

Remains of the Duchy of Normandy, which captured England, are still connected to the English Crown as the Channel Islands. In the following centuries, the wedding of Henry II of England to Eleanor of Aquitaine established the kingdom of Anjou, partly under the crown of France. Invited by Diarmait Mac Murchada, a province sovereign, and under the jurisdiction of Adrian IV (the only Englishman to have been chosen Pope), the Angevins entered Ireland in 1169.

Although originally meant to be kept as an autonomous empire, the Irish High King's refusal to secure the conditions of the Treaty of Windsor resulted in Henry II reigning as King of England as an actual sovereign under the name Lord of Ireland. It was bestowed upon his younger offspring, but when Henry's legacy suddenly passed away, the titles of King of England and Lord of Ireland were devoured in one man.

In the late Middle Ages Great Britain was divided into the Kingdom of England and Scotland. Might in Ireland flowed between the Gallic empires, the Hiberno-Normans and the dominion of Ireland ruled by the English. There was a similar state of affairs in the Principality of Wales, which was gradually incorporated into the Kingdom of England by a set of Acts.

In the course of the fifteenth centuary, the Crown of England would make a right to the Crown of France and thus dismiss the King of England as a liege to the King of France. He replied by placing the King of England as "the only head of the Church of England", thus eliminating the Pope's authorities from the English Church's work.

Ireland, which had been kept by the King of England as Lord of Ireland but which, to be precise, had been a pope's property since the Norman incursion, was proclaimed a realm of its own in unison with England. Scotland had meanwhile become an autonomous empire. This was reversed in 1603, when the King of Scotland succeeded the Crown of England and thus also the Crown of Ireland.

British Colonism in Ireland in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries was expanded to include large Scotch and British settlements in Ulster. There was an intensification of regional divisions and the British monarch came into dispute with the British government over his toleration of Catholicism. As a result, the resulting British civil war or war of the three kingdoms resulted in a democratic revolution in England.

Ireland, mostly Catholic, was loyally bound to the Emperor. In the aftermath of the victory against the House of Parliament armies, large-scale distribution of lands from the loyally loyalistic lrish aristocracy to British citizens in the employ of the House of Representatives armies established a new ascension league that wiped out the remains of the old British (Hiberno-Norman) and Gallic lords in Ireland.

While the new governing classes were English and Lutheran, the population was largely Romansh. It would affect Ireland's policy for the coming century. With the re-establishment of the English empire, the Emperor found it policically unfeasible to re-establish the former landowners' country in Ireland. The" Great Revolution" of 1688 reiterated similar themes: a Roman Catholics monarch urged the use of religion as opposed to a Protestants parliamentary system in England.

At the Battle of Boyne and the important military battle of Aughrim in Ireland, the King's armies were beaten. In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland merged to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. After an attempt at reublican revolutions in Ireland in 1798, the kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were united in 1801, thus forming the United Kingdom.

While the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remain outside the United Kingdom, their final good management is the British Crown's (virtually the British Government's) responsability. Although the settlers of North America, who were to become the United States of America, were abandoned at the beginning of the nineteenth centuary, the British Empire quickly grew elsewhere.

However, UK pauperism remains in despair and industrialization in England has resulted in a dreadful situation for the working class. Massive migration following the Irish famine and the Highland Clearances resulted in a global spread of the island's populations and cultures and rapid depopulation of Ireland in the second half of the 19. cantons.

Following the War of Independence and the ensuing Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919-1922), most of Ireland separated from the United Kingdom, leaving the six provinces that constituted Northern Ireland as an independent area. The islands have two states: one is a state and the other is a state: and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Ireland, sometimes also known as the Republic of Ireland, rules five sixth of the Irish Isles, while the rest of the Isles make up Northern Ireland. North-Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually reduced to the United Kingdom, which rules the rest of the islands except the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

Isle of Man and the two Channel Islands states, Jersey and Guernsey, are known as crown-dependent. There are four parts to the United Kingdom: England, Scotland and Wales, which form Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the north-east of the Ileands. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have "decentralised" government, i.e. each has its own government or its own meeting and is self-governed in certain areas defined by government.

Scotland, Northern Ireland and England and Wales (the latter being a unit ) have their own case-law for juridical reasons, but there is no uniform legislation for the United Kingdom as a whole. Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three crown dependences are all parliamentarian democracy with their own assemblies. Each part of the United Kingdom will be returning to London.

The electorate in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland will also be returning to a Edinburgh legislature and to meetings in Cardiff and Belfast respectively. However, there is a system of power-sharing in Northern Ireland where trade unions and centralists proportionally divide the leadership positions and where the agreement of both groups is needed for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain choices.

In the case of Northern Ireland, it is the CDU/CSU that want Northern Ireland to be part of the United Kingdom and the Nazis want Northern Ireland to join the remainder of Ireland. In the Republic of Ireland, the President of Ireland is the President of the United Kingdom.

Both Ireland and the United Kingdom are part of the European Union (EU). Crown dependences are not part of the EU but take part in certain issues that have been agreed in the context of the UK's EU accession[64][65][66] Neither the UK nor Ireland are part of the Schengen area, allowing passport-free travelling between EU Member States.

Since the division of Ireland, however, there has been an unofficial free trade area throughout the area. There have been a number of exceptional agreements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom as a result of the Northern Ireland Peacemaking Programme. Northern Ireland nationals, for example, have the right to choose either or both of Ireland and the United Kingdom, and the Ireland and United Kingdom Government shall be consulted on issues which have not been transferred to the Northern Ireland Executive.

A North-South Council of Ministers will also bring together the Northern Ireland Executive and Government of Ireland to establish a joint policy throughout the Isle. The British-Irish Council, another committee set up under the Good Friday Agreement, consists of all the states and territory of the British Isles.

Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agaus na hÉireann (British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly) was founded in 1990. Initially it consisted of 25 members of the Oireachtas, the British and 25 members of the British parliaments, with the aim of promoting inter-parliamentary relations between the members of both parliaments.

From that time on, the Committee's roles and size have been extended to cover the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly of Wales, the Northern Irish Assembly, the States of Jersey, Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man). There is a separation of the UK and Ireland, although British TV, papers and periodicals are widely distributed in Ireland[71], which gives Irish citizens a high degree of intimacy with UK culturality.

There are also a number of Ireland papers available in the UK and public and commercial TV in Northern Ireland. Certain real-life TV shows have hugged the whole island, for example The X Factor, of which squadrons 3, 4 and 7 had auditions in Dublin and were open to Ireland's electorate, while the show, previously known as Britain's Next Top Model, became Britain's Next Top Model and Ireland's Next Top Model in 2011.

For the whole archipelago some culture activities are organized. The Costa Book Awards, for example, are presented to writers residing in the UK or Ireland. Each year, the Mercury Music Prize is given to the best record of a British or an Irish artist or group.

Numerous worldwide favourite disciplines such as golf, club soccer, squad soccer, squad soccer, basketball, rugby, snooze and dart, as well as many smaller disciplines such as krocket, bowling, putts and pitches, aqua ball and hand ball have been encoded in the British Isles. There are a number of favourite sporting activities in the British Isles, the most famous of which is club soccer.

With four international sides from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, it is also widely played on the isles. Lions of Britain and Ireland are a side selected from every country and touring the Southern Hemisphere every four years. The Irish side will be a cohesive side, with Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland representing.

Since 2001 the Pro14 also features pro clubs from Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Italy. Both the Ryder Cup in the Gulf was initially contested between a United States side and a side that represents Great Britain and Ireland. Channel and the South North Sea are the most congested sea routes in the run.

The Channel tunnel, opened in 1994, connects Great Britain with France and is the second longest railway tunnels in the atlantic. It was in 1895[74] when it was first explored that the concept of constructing a tunnelling under the Irish Sea was born. A number of prospective tunnels in the Irish Sea have been suggested, most recently the Tusker Channel between Rosslare and Fishguard harbours, suggested by the Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004.

75 ] A railway tunnelling was suggested by the British engineer's office at the 1997 site of another line between Dublin and Holyhead. In 2007, a proposal[76] put the costs of constructing a viaduct from County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway in Scotland at £3.5 billion (?5 billion). Country/territory index, island index, United Nations Environment Programme.

Iceland Facts filed on March 4, 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The name of the State of Ireland, both politically and constitutionally, is just Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is often used for disambiguating ends, although it is not the name of the State from a technical point of view, but "can be described as such" under the Republic of Ireland Act 1948.

"The British Isles: a geographic concept for the territories of Great Britain and Ireland with all their off-shore Isles, the Isle of Man and the Channel Isles. British Isles include more than 6,000 island regions off the north-west coastline of mainland Europe, among them the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland as well as the Republic of Ireland.

This group also encompasses the British Crowns of the Isle of Man and traditionally the Channel Isles (the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey), although they are, in strict terms, an island just off the Normandy coastline (France) and not part of the British Isles. The geologic histories of Great Britain and Ireland.

What do we want when we think about welfare work in the British Isles? Alistair, ^ a bar David; Sinfield, Alan (2000), British post-war culture: 415-12811-0, An introduction to literature and society, 1945-1999, Routledge, p. 9, ISBN 0-415-12811-0, Some Irishmen do not like the "British" in the "British Isles", while a majority of Welsh and Scottish people do not like "Great Britain".

As an answer to these problems, "Britain and Ireland" is becoming the privileged formal use, if not popularly, although there is a rising tendency among some criticisms to call Britain and Ireland "the archipelago". The Irish Foreign Minister replied: "The British Isles are not an accepted concept in the law or intergovernmental terms.

The Irish Embassy in London continues to keep the UK press under surveillance for any misuse of the formal conditions laid down in the Irish Constitution and law. Reformation in Great Britain and Ireland: an intro. It should be noted at the beginning that the term "The British Isles" is obviously still in use, but only in the geographical context where this is reasonable.

Since 1603 it has been seen as a disguise of the concept of a "Great England" or a vast south-eastern British empire under a single crown. Today, however, "Great Britain and Ireland" is the preferred phrase, although there are also difficulties with it. Guardian Style Guide", Guardian, London, December 19, 2008, A geographic concept for Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the neighbouring isles such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man.

This wording is best avoidable in view of its (understandable) popularity in the Irish Republic. This record in the National Geographic Atlas of the World entitled British Isles now read Great Britain and Ireland. 6, ISBN 0-521-77736-4, Some scientists who wish to prevent the clashes of politics and ethnics of the "British Isles" have suggested the "Atlantic Archipelago" or even the "East Atlantic Archipelago" (see e.g. Pocock 1975a: 606; 1995: 292n; Tompson, 1986).

David Armitage; Michael Braddick (2002), The British Atlantic word, 1500-1800, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 284, ISBN 0-333-96340-7, British and Irish scholars are using the term'Atlantic archipelago' as a less metrocentric concept for what is commonly known as the British Isles. Ireland and the classic surroundings. "From OED, s.v. ^ D. A. Coleman (1982), Demography of Migrants and Minorities in the United Kingdom: Procedings of the 18th Yearly Eugenics Society Conference, London 1981, Vol. 1981, Academic Press, p. 213, ISBN 0-12-179780-5, The geographic concept of British Isles is not generally accepted in Ireland, the concept of these isles is often used instead.

My preference is the Anglo-Celtic Isles or the Northwest European Arcipel. lrish history: The Joint Journal of the irish historic Society and the Ulster Society for irish historic Studies, Hodges, Figgis & Co, 1990, p. 98, There are cups for looking at the whole island, for a story of the british or anglo-celtic island or "these islands".

The British Isles, the (geography) A geographic (not politic or constitutional) concept for England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (including the Republic of Ireland), together with all the off-shore isles. The British-Irish Isles are a more precise (and policy -acceptable) name. lreland and Great Britain, london: Cavendish Marshall, 2010, p. 8, The British and Irish nomenclatures and the state of the various parts of the island are often mistaken by peoples in other parts of the globe.

British Isles is the name used by the geographer for the island but it is regarded as exclusive in the Republic of Ireland. The name British Isles is sometimes used in the Republic of Ireland. The notion of British-Irish Isles, however, is not recognised by multinational geographicalists. All of the joint British and British Government documentation refers to the island as "these islands".

British Isles is the only generally recognised name for the island off the north-western coastline of continental Europe. British Isles Environment, an atlas. The regional climate of the British Isles. Guidebook to British Snakes. Wild-life Great Britain wildlifebritain.com. WB Lockwood Columbia (1975), Languages of the British Isles Past and Present, British Columbia:

Ladysmith, ISBN 0-233-96666-8, An introductory guide to the wealth y language legacy of Great Britain and Ireland. The Pergamon Press, p. 2505, ISBN 978-0-08-035943-4, Thus, apart from the very young, there are practically no monoglote loudspeakers of Scottish-Gaelic, Welsh or English. Hindley, Reg (1990), The Death of the Irish Language:

To Taylor & Francis, p. 221, ISBN 0-415-04339-5, Three tribal languages have been dying in the British Isles since about 1780: RNLI.org. uk, The RNLI is a 24-hour charitable organisation providing services around the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Ireland. Hardisty, Jack (1990), The British Seas : an Presentation to the Oceanography and Resources of the North-west European Continental Shelf, Londres :

Routledge, p. 5, ISBN 0-415-03586-4, are not only the English Channel and the southern North Sea, in particular the most congested waterways in the intercontinental maritime sector, but the oceans are also a source of the EU's rich ness in industry (fisheries, oil, additives and energy) and a source of waste from its highly urbanised and industrialised strata.

Great Britain and the English settlements. Archipelago a story. Oxford in Ireland. This is an exploratory geologic chart of the British Isles.