Capital of new Zealand South Island

ssspan class="mw-headline" id="Names">Names[edit]

Cristchurch (; M?ori: ?tautahi) is the biggest town on the South Island of New Zealand and the home of the Canterbury Region. Christchurch is located on the eastern shore of the South Island, just south of the Banks Peninsula. With 396,700 inhabitants,[2] it is New Zealand's third biggest town after Auckland and Wellington.

Archeological evidences indicate that the Christchurch area was first inhabited by man around 1250. On 31 July 1856 Christchurch became a Royal Charter town and is thus the oldest New Zealand town. Canterbury Association, which populated the Canterbury Plains, gave the town its name after Christ Church, Oxford.

It was built in a raster on the Cathedral Square; in the nineteenth centuries there were few obstacles to the fast expansion of the area, with the exception of the Pacific to the west and the Port Hills to the south. Between September 2010 and early 2012, the capital experienced a string of quakes, the most devastating of which took place at 12 noon.

On Tuesday 22 February 2011 at 17:00, 185 dead were injured and thousand of houses all over the capital crashed or seriously damaged. Until the end of 2013, 1,500 existing structures in the town had been torn down, which led to an on-going renovation and conversion work. Previously, Ng?i Tahu called the Christchurch space Karaitiana,[6] a translation of the British Christian name.

On 31 July 1856 Christchurch became a town, the first in New Zealand, by means of a king's deed. Cristchurch was the headquarters of the Canterbury Province Council, which was dissolved in 1876. Ballantyne's Department Store in downtown New Zealand was the scene of the biggest fire catastrophe in 1947: 41 lives were lost in a fire that destroyed the extensive accumulation of building.

13 ] The Lyttelton Street Tunnels between Lyttelton and Christchurch were opened in 1964. 14 ] Christchurch was the host of the British Commonwealth Games in 1974. Cristchurch has a story of engagement in Antarctica - both Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton used the Lyttelton Harbour as a starting point for explorations, and downtown stands a Scott sculpture created by his Widow Kathleen Scott.

Inside the town, the Canterbury Museum houses and displays many historical artifacts and tales about Arctic explorations. After the February quake, thirty of the building's two hundred workmen were imprisoned in the shed. On December 23, 2011 there were more quakes, the first of strength 5. According to the US Geological Survey, 8, 26 km northeast of the town at a deep of 4.7 km (2.9 mi) at 13:58, followed by several after shocks and another 6 gauge haste.

31 ] Christchurch Airport was temporarily shut down. In New Brighton, blackouts, water cuts and serious damages occurred in the Parklands area, along with streets and sidewalks at the Oxford Terrace and Hereford Street corners, downtown. Post-earthquake, the town is growing rapidly, with the reconstruction of the main town described in the Christchurch National Recovery Plan, which begins with the ramp-up, and huge housing expansion, with some 50,000 new homes to be built in Greater Christchurch by 2028, as described in the Land Use Recovery Plan (LURP).

Satelite picture of Christchurch and surroundings. Cristchurch is situated in Canterbury, near the center of the eastern seaboard of the South Island, eastern of the Canterbury Plains. Situated near the south end of Pegasus Bay, it is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean and the mouth of the rivers Avon and Heathcote.

In the south and southeast, the metropolitan part of the town is bordered by the Port Hills vulcanic hillsides that separate it from the Banks Peninsula. It is bordered to the south by the woven Waimakariri River. Cristchurch is one of only eight couples of towns in the whole wide globe that have almost accurate anti-podal towns.

The half of these couples are located in New Zealand and Spain/Morocco - with A Coruña, Spain as Christchurch's Apostle. Cristchurch is one of only four towns in the wide range of the globe that have been meticulously designed according to the same scheme as a main plaza, four complementary plazas in its surroundings and a parkland area encompassing the downtown area.

Philadelphia was the first town to be constructed according to this model. Savannah and Adelaide came later, before Christchurch. In the center of the town is the Kathedralenplatz, which surrounds the Angelic church, the Christuskirche, now destroyed by the earth quake. Located around this plaza and within the Four Avenues of Christchurch (Bealey Avenue, Fitzgerald Avenue, Moorhouse Avenue and Deans Avenue[38]), it is known as the CBD of the town.

There are also a number of neighbourhoods in the CBD, such as Inner East, Inner West, Avon Loop, Moa Neighbourhood and Victoria, but many of the CBD's homes were torn down after the February 2011 earthquake. The Cathedral Square is situated at the intersection of two important key roads, Colombo Street and Worcester Street.

Canterbury Museum and the Art Gallery are situated in the Cultural District. After repairing and reinforcing earthquakes, the surfaces are opened again gradually. Managed by the Christchurch Council, the area has 381,500 inhabitants (June 2017),[2] making it the second biggest New Zealand town and the biggest South Island town.

Christchurch has 396,700 inhabitants and is the third biggest town in the county after Auckland and Wellington. Kaiapoi in Waimakariri District and Prebbleton in Selwyn District, while most of the Banks Peninsula are excluded. In the following chart, the ethnical profiles of Christchurch's inhabitants are shown, as determined by the New Zealand 2001 and 2006 censuses.

The 2006 numbers relate only to Christchurch City, not to the city as a whole. This significant decrease in the number of ''Europeans'' is mainly due to the fact that more and more individuals from this group are opting to identify themselves as''New Zealanders'' - although this is not one of the groups on the survey questionnaire.

Agrarian industries have always been the mainstay of Christchurch's economy. 67 ] The town has long had an industrial base centred on the neighbouring farmland - part of New Zealand's initial "package" was for sale to migrants. PGG Wrightson, New Zealand's premier agriculture company, is headquartered in Christchurch. 69 ] The ancients' ancients' ancients go back to Pyne Gould Guinness, an old warehouse and base agent for the South Island.

Other agricultural enterprises in Christchurch have covered the malthouse, seeds production and preparation, woolen and processed meats and small biotech enterprises with by-products from butcheries. The transformations were carried out both by agricultural enterprises and by agriculturists, many of whom migrated from the North Island to the South, where they built fortresses such as Taranaki and Waikato.

After Auckland, Christchurch is New Zealand's second biggest production center, with the second biggest contribution to the region's economy coming from the sector[72], with companies such as Anderson's carrying out steelwork for bridge, tunnel and hydroelectric power in the early stages of infrastructural works. Prior to the shift of most garment production to Asia, Christchurch was the center of the New Zealand garment production with companies like LWR Industries.

It also had five shoe producers, but they were substituted by import. Over the past few dozen years, technology-based sectors have emerged in Christchurch. Christchurch's immediate vicinity to the skiing areas and other Southern Alps tourist destinations, as well as to hotel, gambling and internationally renowned airports, makes it an intermediate stop for many people.

It is a favourite destination for tourists from Japan,[75] with signs around the cathedral square in Japan. Council of Christchurch, consisting of the Mayor of Christchurch and 16 council members chosen in 16 stations: Spreydon, Cashmere, Halswell, Riccarton, Hornby, Fendalton, Waimairi, Papanui, Innes, Central, Linwood, Heathcote, Harewood, Burwood, Coastal und Banks Peninsula. Joint bodies (six in the field of pre-unification), each of which covers 2-3 stations, of which two members were chosen and a town council was appointed:

Banks Peninsula County was merged into Christchurch City in March 2006 after the Banks Peninsula inhabitants ceased work in November 2005. The Christchurch is represented by seven general voters (Christchurch Central, Christchurch East, Ilam, Port Hills, Selwyn, Waimakariri and Wigram) and one M?ori voter (Te Tai Tonga),[80] each of whom returns one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives.

At the time of the New Zealand parliamentary elections in 2017 there are four Labour and three National members. Cristchurch is home to New Zealand's 4th biggest coeducational state Burnside High with 2519 students. Christchurch Boys' High. Avonside Girls' High and Christchurch Girls' High School, as well.

Cristchurch is also known for several independant colleges and churches, some of them in the typical British style. Lesser convention schooling in the town includes Paenga Tawhiti and Hagley Community College. There are a number of higher educational establishments with a campus in Christchurch or the immediate vicinity.

The Christchurch airport is serviced by Christchurch International Airport, as well as busses (local and long-distance) and rail services. However, the automobile is still the dominating means of transportation in the cities, as in the whole of New Zealand. Cristchurch has an extended coach service with lines that serve most districts and satellites.

Almost all buses went through the downtown exchange before the quake, but due to lower numbers of passengers since the quakes, especially in the downtown area, the coach system was reorganized to shift more localized connections to "hubs" such as large malls, where they are connected to the main train terminal by main buses.

Prior to the 2011 earthquake, Christchurch had a groundbreaking zero-travel shuttle downtown in place in addition to its regular buses. There are also buses from Christchurch, and there are regular buses[86] between Dunedin and Christchurch on State Highway 1. Cristchurch Brill Tram No. 178 with the historic tram in the centre of Cristchurch.

In Christchurch there is a working tram in Christchurch, but as a touristic sight; its bow is limited to a tour of the downtown area. Tramways were initially launched as a means of mass transit in 1905 and discontinued in 1954[89], but in 1995 they reverted to the inner cities (as a touristic attraction).

After the February 2011 quake, however, the system was corrupted and within the closed off "Red Zone" of the main town. In November 2013, the streetcar was re-opened on a restricted line, with an expansion of the streetcar planned for 2014, first to re-open the entire pre-earthquake cycle and then to include the Re:Start Mall and High Street expansion, built after the 2011 seismic event.

Christchurch Gondola is a funicular that serves as a touristic destination and allows transportation from the Heathcote Valley to the summit of Mount Cavendish in the southeast of the town. And the last of these ministries, between Christchurch and Rangiora, was discontinued in 1976. Following the downsizing of facilities, a new Christchurch train terminal was built at Addington Junction.

Whereas the Maine North Line runs north via Kaikoura and is operated by the TranzCoastal service, the Maine South Line runs north via Dunedin to Invercargill and was used by the Southerners until its dissolution in 2002. From Christchurch the most popular trains are the TranzAlpine, which runs along the New South Line to Rolleston and then turns into the Midland Line, crosses the Southern Alps through the Otira Tunnel and ends in Greymouth on the West Coast.

Christchurch International Airport is the main location for the New Zealand, Italy and United States programmes in Antarctica. Cristchurch is a decidedly British town, but it contains several different Gothic revival architectural features. Being early New Zealand colonists, the M?ori cultural heritage is also widespread in the town.

There are many open areas and park areas, riverside resorts and cafes and eateries in the downtown area and nearby area. 91 ] The biggest multiplexers were the Hoyts 8 in the old train depot on Moorhouse Avenue (demolished today) and the reading-cinema (also eight halls) in the Palms mall in Shirley.

The Hoyts in Riccarton opened in 2005[92] with one of its monitors and for a while held the New Zealand biggest screen ever. Rialto was shut down after the February 2011 quake. Christchurch Arts Centre comprises two Kunsthaus theatres, Cloisters and The Academy, which show a large range of modern, classical and bilingual film.

Christchurch's large number of popular park and well-developed landscaped garden areas have earned it the name The Garden City. Hagley Park and Christchurch Botanic Garden (30 hectares), established in 1863, are located downtown, with Hagley Park being a venue for sporting activities such as golf, crime, netball games and hockey, as well as open-air performances by locals' groups and theatres.

Willowbank Wildpark is located in the northern part of the town. The Travis wetlands, an environmental conservation program to restore a humid area, is located in the eastern suburbs of Burwood, just off the downtown area. Cristchurch had its own local TV broadcaster, Canterbury TV. VTV, a TV broadcasting company in Korea, broadcasts in Christchurch (also Auckland).

Sugar Loaf, in the Port Hills south of the downtown area, is home to the city's most important TV station, which transmits all important nationwide TV stations as well as the two regional stations. Since the analog switch-off on April 28, 2013, all TV stations in Christchurch have been transmitted digitally.

One of Christchurch's full-time theatres is the Court Theatre,[96] which was formed in 1971. Initially housed in the Christchurch Arts Centre, the Court Theater was temporarily housed in the Addington outskirts after the 2011 earthquake. In 1979 the cooperative and experiential Freie Theater Christchurch was set up next to the courtyard and has been housed in the Kunstzentrum since 1982.

97 ] There is also an energetic leisure drama industry with community-based theater groups such as the Christchurch Repertory Society,[98] Christchurch Players,[99] Riccarton Players,[100] and Canterbury Children's Theatre,[101] which produce many high-value shows. Initially opened in 1863, the Isaac Royal Theater has been converted four times since then, most recently after the Christchurch quake in 2011.

The Isaac Theatre Royal was re-opened on 17 November 2014. Known for its many acts live,[103][104][105][106] has a symphonic orchestra,[107] and is the basis of the Southern Operas, the Southern Operas. 108 ] Christchurch is a home for New Zealand's experimenting sound area.

Usually there are street musicians around the plaza and Christchurch also organises the World Buskers Festival every year in January. Hayley Westenra, singer and song writer, started her cosmopolitan carrier with performing in Christchurch. Shortly afterwards she was contracted by the Universal Music Group New Zealand, then later by the Decca Label Group in London, England, where she started her carrier.

Several of the New Zealand bands like Shapeshifter, Ladi6, Tiki Taane and Truth are from Christchurch. Organizers, venues and nightclubs such as Bassfreaks, The Bedford and Dux live have regular engagements of New Zealand and New Zealand drum and bass artists appearing in Christchurch as well as dancing events, Raves and performances with New Zealand and regional dj', often with two or three in one evening or week-end (e.g. 2010, when UK Dubstep played DJ Doctor P with Crushington in Bedford while Concord Dawn played with Trei and Bulletproof in the Ministry).

The independent Pulzar FM from Christchurch is one of the few New Zealand radios that play drum and bass during the days. Horncastle is New Zealand's second biggest multi-purpose stadium with between 5000 and 8000 seated capacity according to configurations. Christchurch Town Hall Auditory (2500 spaces, opened in 1972) was the first large auditory designed by Warren and Mahoney and Marshall Day acousticians.

Following the considerable losses incurred by the Christchurch quake in February 2011, the Rathaus is currently shut down for repairs. Cristchurch also has a casino,[111] and there is a large selection of online musical centers[103][112] - some short-lived, others with decade-long histories. The Christchurch Musical Centre hosts classic musical events.

Knights of the Crusades, formerly the'Canterbury Crusaders', are a Christian headquartered Rallye Union squad that competes in the Super Rallye. CANTERBURY ROUGBY canterbury rougby football association, which regulates the rougby association in Christchurch and the area, is setting up a football club to represent the town in the ITM Cup. The Canterbury United is playing at the New Zealand Football Championship.

The Canterbury Red Devils spielen in der New Zealand Ice Hockey Leagues (NZIHL). St. Albans' English Park is the home town of the Christchurch United Soccer squad playing in the St. Albans Premier Division. Cristchurch has more than a dozen links and has been blessing the PGA Tour of Australasia/Nationwide Tour Clearwater Classic/NZ PGA Championship at Clearwater Resort since 2002.

Situated in the south of Hagley Park, Hagley Oval has been used for years as a location for occasional events for locals, nationals and internationals and was refurbished in 2014 in anticipation of the 2015 World Series. Horn Castle Arena in Addington, Christchurch. The Nunweek Park in Bishopdale is the most important ice hockey resort in the town.

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