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Hawaii United States Treaty -1849

United States of America and His Majesty, King of the Hawaii Islands, who are also driven by the desire to maintain the good understandings that have so far existed so fortunate between their States and to consolidate trade between them, have decided to open talks on the signing of a treaty of friendship, trade and navigation for which they have nominated proxies, that is:

United States Secretary of State John M. Clayton, President of the United States of America; and HisMajesty, King of the Hawaii Islands, James JacksonJarves, as his Special Representative to the Government of the United States, who, having exchanged their mandates in good and proper order, have completed and autographed the following articles:

The United States and the King of the Hawaii Islands, his heirs and his followers shall have eternal friendship and friendship. The United States of America and the Hawaii Islands and the United States of America and His Majesty, the King of the islands of Hawaii, have mutual freedom of trade and shipping,

to the subjects or nationals of the other State, if the grant was free of charge, and adjusted by common accord in exchange for an indemnity as close as possible to the ratio of value to effect, if the grant is made.

Any product the products or production of which may be lawfully introduced in one of the two countries from and come from the other countries, on board vessels of that other countries, shall be liable to the same customs duty on import and shall enjoy the same privilege, whether introduced on board vessels of one of the countries or on board vessels of that other one; and

and, in the same way, all goods which may be lawfully carried or re-exported from one State to another, on vessels of that other State, shall be liable to the same customs duty and shall be eligible for the same prerogatives, disadvantages, rewards and supplements, whether they are carried out on vessels of one State or on vessels of another State:

all goods and objects of whatever (description, not being' of whatproduce of the making of the United States that can be im-ported into the sandwich islands, with thusimported in the containers of the United States paying no other ordhigher customs tariffs, scams or fees than are payable on the same goods, and objects if they are im-ported into thosevessels of the preferred alien country other than dannation, of which the said goods and items are the producer making.

Ships of the other country shall not be subject to any customs duty, port, lighthouse, pilot, quaranty or similar duty, of any kind or name, on voyages between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands when loaded, or on voyages when in baggage, which in the same cases are not similarly levied on domestic ships.

He hereby declares that the provisions of this Treaty are not to be interpreted as being applicable to shipping and interport trading in the State of one of the Parties, such shipping and such trading being reserved solely for domestic use. United States steamships which may be used by the Government of these States to carry their public mail across the Pacific to another Pacific Sea from one harbour in that sea shall have free entry to the harbours of the sandwich islands, with the option of a stop there to re-establish them,

Refreshing, landing and not imposing any obligations of any kind, under any name, in respect of the carriage, port, lighthouse, warehousing, or similar obligations on customers and their luggage for the performance of transactions relating to the United States' postal services and in such harbours.

United States whaling ships have access to the harbours of Hilo, Kealakekua and Hanalei on the sandwich islands to refresh themselves, and to the harbours of Honolulu and Lahaina, which are only port of call for all merchant ships, and in all the above states, as well,

It is also allowed; with the same exemptions from all loading equipment for port and port fees, further for trading or exchange, with the same exemptions as for intellectual licensors, for the extra amount of one thousand ad valorum US dollar, for each ship that pays no other or higher customs duty on the extra goods and items thus exchanged than on similar goods and items to be paid when they are introduced into the ships and by the nationals or the most beneficiary alien nation's them.

So they may go from harbour to harbour of the sandwich islands to obtain refreshment, but they may not unload their seafarers or disembark their passengers on the islands mentioned, except in Lahaina and Honolulu; and in all the harbours mentioned in this provision, the whalers of the United States shall in all aspects have all the prerogatives, benefits and privileges which the whalers of the most favoured alien state have.

It also guarantees the same privileges to visit the three sandwich island harbours mentioned in this articles, which are not trading ship access points, to all United States government armoured ships. However, nothing in this Rule may be interpreted as meaning that a United States ship carrying a sickness which is normally considered to be in need of quaternary status may be allowed on the ship of any harbour in the sandwich islands other than Lahaina or Honolulu for the duration of such sickness.

In view of the personal privileges enjoyed by the nationals of the United States of America under the rule of His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands and the servants of His Majesty in the United States of America, the States undertake that they have a free and undisputed right to travelling and residing in the States of the two High States of America, provided that the same caution is exercised by a policing force against the servants or nationals of the most favoured States.

You are entitled to own homes and battleships and to possess your own belongings of any kind and descriptions by selling, giving, exchanging, willing or otherwise, without the slightest impediment or handicap; and your heirs or agents who are subordinated to the other Contractual Partner or who are nationals of the other Contractual Partner shall take the place of your own belongings, whether by will or assignment;

They may take ownership of and control such goods, either themselves or through others who act on their behalf, by making such payments for the benefit of the relevant authorities only if the residents of the countries in which the goods are located are in similar cases of ache. If, under the law of the State, a property owner in the territory of one of the parties would be transferred to a resident or entity of the other if he or she had not been alienated, that resident or entity shall be granted a suitable period of grace to disqualify, in order to be sold and to receive the income without harassment and without any interference from the States.

Under no pretext shall the nationals or entities of the signatory states be obliged to repay any tax or levy other than or higher than that which may be or may be payable by the entities or entities of the most favoured states in the states of the signatory states.

each of the two Covenants undertake that nationals or entities of the other State resident in their country shall have the full and comprehensive ownership and right to their own safety of their own nationals or entities, of the entities or the nationals of the most favoured country, but shall always be governed by the law and statute of both States.

Restrictions may still be placed on the nationals and entities of either party in their election to act in this capacity, nor may they be required to make payment of a wage or compensation to a party they do not wish to hire.

In all cases, the buyer and the vendor shall have the complete liberty to negotiate jointly and set the prices for all goods or commodities either to the State and territories of both contractual partners or to be either reimported or otherwise transferred, except in such cases where the law and practice of the State requires the interference of a special representative in the assets and territories of the contractual partners.

However, nothing in this or any other clause of this Agreement may be interpreted as authorizing the selling of spirits to the indigenous people of the Sandwich Islands beyond what is permitted under Hawaiian legislation. Either Party may have in the ports of the other Party consuls, deputy consuls and commercial agents of its own choice who have the same privilege and powers as those of the most favoured Party; however, if such consuls trade, they shall be governed by the same statute and practice as the natural persons of their country in that place.

These consuls, deputy consuls and sales representatives are authorised to demand the support of regional agencies for the searching, apprehension, detention as well as incarceration of deserter from the warm boats of othermerchant in their state. At the request of the territorial authority, the agency, owner or captains of the ship for which the deserter was detained must, at the request of the territorial authority, abduct or remove these deserter from the State and territories of the signatory States or give them a guarantee of good behaviour as required by that State.

Under the agreement, nationals and subject matter of both Contracting parties may enjoy complete and complete freedom of conscience in the other Contracting Party's country without being harassed or disrupted by their religion. However, nothing in this clause may be interpreted as affecting the sole right of the Government of Hawaii to govern for itself the establishments or assistance that it may provide within its jurisdictions.

When warships or other warships are destroyed on the shores of States or on the territory of any of the Party, such warships, or parts thereof, and all associated furnishings and accessories, as well as all goods and commodities to be kept by the owners with the least possible delays, when used by them or their properly authorised agents;

and, if there are no such owners or local circumstances, the said goods and chattels or their sale and all documents found on such destroyed vessel or vessel shall be handed over to the US or HAWI Consulate or Vice-Consul in whose jurisdiction the shipwreck may have occurred;

the costs of maintaining the goods and the recovery rates and costs of dismantling which would have been paid for a shipwreck of a domestic ship and the goods and goods rescued from the shipwreck are not liable to customs duty, unless they are intended for human consumption, and in the event of a right to that shipwreck, those goods or goods are submitted to the relevant courts of the State.

Ships of either Party which may be obliged to enter one of the other Party's harbours for climatic or other reasons shall be exempted from all obligations, whether harbour or shipping, which may be payable in favour of that State if the reasons which have caused them to seek sanctuary are robbed and obvious,

unless it relates to the crew's subsistence or is necessary for the repairs of the ships, and if they are not in harbour beyond the necessary period of grace, bearing in mind the cause of their flight.

Each party undertakes, by order of the authorities, to hand over to the other party all those accused of killing, acts of counterfeiting, theft, falsification or the use of forgeries; all such accused shall be liable to prosecution; as well as the relevant judge and other judge of the two Governments shall have the power to draw up an arrest certificate against the accused on an affidavit, so that he can be tried before that judge or other judge, so that the proof of criminal liability can be questioned and examined;

As soon as steam or other parcels of parcels flying the flag of one of the signatory countries have begun to circulate between their port of arrival, the signatory countries shall arrange for all parcels to be received at the port of departure and forwarded as instructed by the port's postshops. The place of delivery shall be the cathedral of one of the two countries and, in supplement to the initial parcel of the port from which the parcels were sent, the standard parcel tariff laid down by statute in the territory of one of the signatory countries shall be charged.

United States mail is sent at frequent Hawaii Postal Service and to the U.S. port, with the postmaster, where the port opens and the attached issue is forwarded as instructed, crediting the Government of Hawaii with their statutory mailings stamps on each script or printed out.

Postal items sent to the Hawaii islands are sent to the various US postal offices and redirected to San Franclsco or other harbours on the Pacific coastline of the United States, from where the postmaster sends them with standard parcels to Honolulu, with the agreement of the HAWAIAN GOA to welcome and pick up and discharge the US PO.

In the annual accounting of the contractual partners, all sent back undead mail is added. This Agreement shall apply from the date of exchange of ratifications for a period of ten years and beyond until the expiry of twelve such period after either Party has notified the other Party of its intent to give denunciation, each Party having the right to give such denunciation at the end of the said period of ten years or at a later date.

Every individual or entity of one of the parties who violates the provisions of this Agreement shall be liable for such violations, and such violations shall not interrupt the good faith and good faith between the two States. Each of the parties shall have no obligation whatsoever to defend the perpetrator or to punish such violations. This Chamber is hereby approved by the President of the United States of America, by and with the Council and the consent of the Senate of these States, and by His Majesty, the King of the Islands of Hawaii, by and with the Council of State, and ratification shall be effected in Honolulu within eighteen months from the date of its signing, or earlier if possible.

For this purpose, the relevant authorised representatives have signed them in duplicate and provided them with their seals.