Bruce Robinson Hawaii

Bruce R. Robinson, trustee under the. State of Hawaii, as successor.

Ni'ihau: Hawaii's most remote isle

Hawaii's Prohibited Islands are hard to see, banned for everyone except the inhabitants, certain US soldiers and administration officers, and whoever succeeds in getting one of the few tourism visa the islands issues every year. Rather than belong to the USA, Ni'ihau is actually owned by Bruce and Keith Robinson, great-grandchildren of the former owners Elizabeth Sinclair, who purchased the Isle at the end of the 1860' from the King Kamehameha IV of Hawaii.

They have only allowed very small groups of tourists to the islands for 30 years, and for good reasons. There may be some who wonder - with restricted accessibility, no streets, hotel, restaurants at all, no power on the islands - why you should even try to go there. It is the only place in the whole Philippines where you can still experience Häwaiian civilization as it was over 100 years ago.

It is a charming place to be visited, but only in this way can the inhabitants of the archipelago preserve their delicate civilization. The' Prohibited Island' The smallest of Hawaii's eight islets, Ni'ihau, is completely unspoiled and not in the way one finds the Philippines. There is only one inhabited area on the volcano isle, Pu'uwai, where about 170 inhabitants are living modestly, fish and breed herds.

In the absence of technology, there has been little change in the way of living on the islands compared to 100 years ago. The people still talk a moribund Hwaiian script, practise moribund Hwaiian tradition and are living an almost deserted Hwaiian way of being. The owner Bruce Robinson, who is living on the isle with his family Leiana, described why the conservation of the isle is so important.

Leiana, his mother, who was borne on Ni'ihau and has been living there all her lifetime, is worried about the present and the present.

The BBC - History

Pearl Harbor: An unpleasant reawakening

On Sunday, December 7, 1941, at 7:55 a.m., the first of two wave of Japan planes began their lethal assault on the U.S. Pacific Fleet that tied up at Pearl Harbor on the Pacific Isle of Oahu. In the space of two and a half hour, five battle ships were scuttled, another 16 injured and 188 planes wrecked.

It was only coincidence that rescued three US carrier planes that were normally based at Pearl Harbor but were used elsewhere that time. Assaults kill over 100 Japs, but over 2,400 Americans, injuring another 1,178. Once the United States was sympathetic and even lenient towards Japan's aspirations. Hardly affected by the Great Depression of the early 1930' s, however, the disillusionment of Japan over the leadership of the parties increased and the moderate gave way to the fighters.

1931 Japan occupies Manchuria in North China. When Japan's aggressive behaviour grew, relationships with the USA became weaker. That was a real need for Japan. The lack of physical ressources themselves, the quest for alternatives supported international and defence policies throughout the entire decennium and resulted in the Pearl Harbor and Pacific War.

Politics became increasingly urgent as US ties continued to decline. From a historical perspective, Japan had depended on America to provide many of the country's physical and chemical assets. The situation became even more serious in September when Japan concluded the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy.

Japonica knew that a complete Southeast Asian siege would start the US-struggle. This tripartite pact means that deliveries to Japan would help Italy and Germany in an indirect way; further embargos followed. These were catastrophic for Japan, which was involved in a long conflict with China. During the occupation of Franco-Indo-China in July 1941, Japan knew that a complete Southeast Asian siege would start the US conflict.

It was the Pearl Harbor assault, just a means to an end. Destructing its Pacific fleet, Japan was expecting to take America out of the Pacific equation long enough to ensure the necessary ressources and hoping to sufficiently squelch US morals to cause Roosevelt to complain of freedom.

After the Pearl Harbor assault, President Roosevelt is declaring Japan hostilities. Why was America so ill-prepared because the country's history of fighting was so widespread? Therefore, they blame him for repressing previous awareness of the assault or provoke it so that America can go to battle through the back-doors.

By 1941, America was not prepared for it. By 1941, America was not prepared for it. It was only a question of getting to grips with Germany: Why fighting another with Japan? It' not as if America hasn't been alerted. Ambassador Gréw in Tokyo in January 1941 shared information that Japan was intending to launch the assault.

Wars alerts from Washington to Hawaii ten clear as day before the assault were practically ignored. But every survey in Japan's recent past has shown that such preventive strikes are almost common. Though Pearl Harbor began the Pacific Wars, a battle that Japan would have lost heavily, the assault itself was not a defeat.

To paralyze the Pacific fleet and give them room to penetrate Southeast Asia. By mid-June 1942, Japan had won every great war. During this period it invaded areas from Manchuria to the eastern India and from the Indian border to the Pacific Ocean. It was the assault on Pearl Harbor that gave Japan the room and timing it needed.

Though it was only coincidence that rescued the US carrier planes, their existence was a severe hitch. The main issue with the assault, however, was plan. Of the vessels that had been destroyed or sunken on December 7, 1941, only three - Arizona, Oklahoma and Utah - were irreparably destroyed, and Utah was already outdated.

The Japanese gave America the opportunity to reconstruct its navy and join the battle with a brandnew outfit. The assault was operatively excellent, yet still a strategic catastrophe. The Americans were angry that Japan had failed to announce its intention to wage martial law until later that day: the underhand assault spurred America's resolve to continue fighting, even in the face of the set-backs of early 1942.

The Pearl Harbor and the Southeast Asian invasions showed Japan at its best - able of solid boldness and meticulous prep. The assault was operatively excellent, yet still a strategic catastrophe. Japan would never again be able to trade with such foresight and plan. They got the short-term respite they wanted, but also a warmongering against Britain and America.

Japonica is out. Earr Harbor, the original recordings by Donald M Goldstein et al (2001). The Pearl Harbor and its consequences by John Toland (2001).