Subantarctic

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Antarctica and its border, the convergence of Antarctica. Subantarctica is a part of the south of the globe just northern of Antarctica. This subantarctic area comprises many archipelagos in the south of the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, especially those northern of the AAC.

Defined subantarctic icebergs are situated on isles within the subantarctic. As a rule, all Antarctica ice is regarded as Antarctica glacier. A further contributing element to the subantarctic region's microclimate, albeit to a much smaller degree than the thermal saline flow, is the creation of antharctic soil water (ABW) through halothermic dynamic.

In the immediate proximity of the APF or AARC ( "Subantarctic Mode Water" or SAMW), the ASA and the ANTARC) several different bodies of surface waters are converging. These convergences create a singular surrounding, which is characterized by a very high sea productiveness, especially for the Arctic Karrill.

For this reason, all areas and water bodies lying southwards of the Antarctic convergence are regarded as belonging to Antarctica from a climate, biologic and hydrologic point of view. However, the text of the Antarctic Treaty, Art. VI ("Treaty territory") states: The Tristan da Cunha Group, Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul and Gough Island are all insulated vulcanic archipelagos located between 37 - 40 degrees southward of the Ecuadorian Sea, southward of the HRS.

As they are far northern of the Antarctic convergence and have a relatively moderate weather, they are not regarded as subantarctic isles. Between 46° and 50deg C to the southern hemisphere, in the area often called Roaring Forties, are the Crozet Island, Prince Edward Island, Bounty Island, Snares Island, Kerguelen Island, Antipodes Island and Auckland Island.

There is a lot of land with a lot of different types of vegetation, with some untouched nature on Snares and Auckland Island. All of these are near Antarctic convergence (with Kerguelen just South of it ) and are regarded as subantarctic isles. Between 51° and 56° south of the Ecuador the Falkland Isles, the Isla de los Estados, the Ildefonso Isles, the Diego Ramírez Isles and other Isles connected to Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn are situated just off the Antarctic Convergence in the area, often called the Furious Fifties.

In contrast to other subantarctic archipelagos, these are characterised by tree species, moderate grassland (mostly tusac grass) and even farmland. In spite of their more southern position, it is questionable whether these are to be regarded as such, as their climatic and geographic characteristics are very different from those of other subantarctic isles. Between 60° and 69° South of the Ecuador, the following three areas are regarded as Arctic Islands: Southeast Orkney Island, Southshetland Island, Balleny Island, Scott Island and Peter I Island:

Considering the above, the following isles should be regarded as subantarctic islands: Subantarctic island flowers and category: Subantarctic islandlife. Antarctica's eco-zone and the floristic kingdom of Antarctica cover most of the subantarctic isles, with many indigenous types and types of wildlife.

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