Corsica
Korsika**pan class="mw-headline" id="Geschichte">Geschichte[edit]>>
Corsika (; French:. Corsica[ k??s]; Corsica is an Mediterranean Sea country and one of the 18 Spanish speaking countries of France. Situated to the north of the peninsula and to the east of France, the closest landmass is the southern part of the country, the most important of which is the southern part of the isle.
One mountain range makes up two third of the total area. Corsica is part of the metropolitan France, but by statute it is also called the Collective Territorial Community (collectivité territoriale). Corsica has greater independence as a local authority than other areas of France; for example, the Corsican Assembly may exert restricted implementing power.
It was a unique division until 1975, when it was divided into two historic divisions: Haute-Corsica (Upper Corsica) and Corse-du-Sud (South Corsica), with its local capitol in Ajaccio, the prefectural centre of Corse-du-Sud. Bastia, the prefectural town of Haute-Corse, is the second biggest village of Corsica. Corsica had been governed by the Republic of Genoa since 1284, and from 1755 until its official assignment by the Republic of Genoa to Louis XV under a debt lien in 1768 it was briefly an autonomous republic of Corsica.
Corsica' s historic links with the peninsular Italy mean that the country still has many aspects of its culture: its mother tongues are recognized by the authorities as local languages. In the course of its development, Corsica was governed by various forces, but had some short self-governing years.
Capita Ajaccio, the city of Corsica, was the birthplace of Napoleon in 1769. Corsica is a name that is much discussed and is still a puzzle. It was known to the Greeks as Kalliste, Corsis, Cyrnos, Cernealis or Cirné. From these Cyrnos, Cernealis or Cirné comes the oldest name of the greece islands, "????????????".
Since the Mesolithic, Corsica has been constantly manned. In the Mediterranean region, it gained an Indígenous people who had been powerful during its long before. It was briefly invaded by the Carthaginians, colonized by the Greeks and only slightly longer invaded by the Etruscans. At the end of the First Punic War it was taken over by the Roman Republic and with Sardinia in 238 B.C. it became a provincial part of the Roman Republic.
1 ] The Romans, who established a settlement in Aléria, regarded Corsica as one of the most backward parts of the Latin underworld. Producing lambs, honeys, resines and waxes, the islands export many of them, which were not much appreciated for their violent and insurgent temper. 2 ] The administration of the archipelago was split into two islands, which in the Middle Ages became the main administration of the province until 1768.
During the spread of Christianity, which came quite early from Rome and the ports of Tuscany, Corsica was home to many holy men and martyrs: among them the most important are the patron saints Saint Devota and Juliet, both of the Isle. Emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305) incorporated Corsica into Roman Italy.
The Corsican Revolution for the Genoa Revolution began in 1729, first by Luigi Giafferi and Giacinto Paoli, later by Paoli's sons Pasquale Paoli. In 1755, after 26 years of fighting against the Republic of Genoa (and a fleeting effort to declare an autonomous kingdom of Corsica under the command of the Nazi Germany explorer Theodor von Neuhoff in 1736), the autonomous republic of Corsica was declared under the command of Pasquale Paoli and stayed in sovereignty until 1769, when the Isle of France was overtaken.
Paoli wrote the first Corsican constitution in Italian (the cultural tongue of Corsica until the second half of the nineteenth century). Corsica could not expel the Genoese from the large coast fortifications ("Calvi" and "Bonifacio"). In 1767, after the Corsican invasion of Capraia, a small Tuscan archipelago in 1767, the Republic of Genoa, tired of forty years of struggle, chose to buy the French territory, which, after its failure in the Seven Years' War, tried to strengthen its Mediterranean foothold.
With the Treaty of Versailles in 1768, the Genoa gave up all its privileges on the Isle. Following a first success of opposition that culminated in the win at Borgo, the Cuban government was defeated by a large force of France under the command of the Count of Vaux in the Battle of Ponte Novu.
That meant the end of Corsica' s independence. In spite of the start of the Corsican crisis in Great Britain, whose governments secretly provided assistance, there was no outside assistance to the Corsicans. In spite of the invasion, Corsica was not annexed to the state until 1789. Pasquale Paoli was able to come back to Corsica from British rule after the beginning of the Revolution in 1789.
1794 he summoned English troops under Lord Hood to liberate Corsica from France. English-Corse troops expelled the people of France from the islands and built an English-Corse kingdom. After Spain entered the Spanish army, the Brits in 1796 agreed to leave Corsica. Then Corsica came back to France.
Although the Isle was the birth place of the Emperor, who had assisted Paoli in his childhood, it was ignored by the Napoleonic state. In 1814, towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Corsica was briefly again invaded by English forces. Bastia gave the imperial throne supremacy over the Isle, but it was later rejected by Lord Castlereagh, who was insisting that the Isle should be given back to a re-established France empire.
Following the restauration, the isle was further disregarded by the state. In spite of the existence of a medieval layer in Bastia and Ajaccio, Corsica remains an otherwise primitical place, whose economic activity was mainly based on sub-sistence farming and whose inhabitants were a clan- and vendetta-dominated ministerials.
According to the Law of Vendettas, Corsicans had to take fatal vengeance for breaches of their family's honour. No less than 4,300 killings were committed in Corsica between 1821 and 1852. 10 ] At that time, a legend turned out to be a historic fact, since it was established by Herodotus and inhabited by authors such as Mérimée and Gregorovius, by Corsica as by Arcadians (Oenotrians and inhabitants of Phokaea), wild and faithful humans.
In the first half of the 20th Corsica' s population was still part of the Italians' culture: the middle classes sent students to visit the city of Corsica, formal documents were decreed in ltalian and most literature was published in Italians. Moreover, many inhabitants of the islands sympathized with the fight that took place in Italy in those years: several peninsular displaced persons, such as Niccolò Tommaseo, stayed on the islands for years, while some Corsicans, such as Count Leonetto Cipriani, took an interest in the struggles for IDP.
In Corsica, a high cost was borne for the first world war in France: the agricultural sector was disturbed by the long absences of almost all young Corsicans, and the proportion of Corsicans killed or injured in the war was twice as high as that of the native France. Moreover, the protectiveist policy of the Algerian authorities, which began in the 1880' s and never ceased, had destroyed Corsican exports of wines and olives and forced many young Corsicans to migrate to continental France or to America.
In response to these circumstances, a nationist group was formed in the 1920' around the paper A Muvra, whose aim is the independence of the French Isle. During the 1930' many representatives of this group became irredentists, considering the attachment of the Isles to fascistic Italy as the only way to solve their own problem.
Benito Mussolini made the Annexation of Corsica one of the major objectives of Italy's reunification policies. Corsica came under the domination of the Vichy government, which worked with the Nazis, after France collapsed into the war. In November 1942, the North African continent was invaded by troops from Italy and Germany after the Anglo-American landing.
Following the ceasefire in September 1943, the French and German forces expelled the Germans from the French Empire and made Corsica the first French department to be liberated. Subsequently, the US soldier built 17 aerodromes with the nickname "USS Corsica", which were used as a base for attacking destinations in German-occupied Italy.
Among the 1950s and 1970s, the construction of an atomic pile in the Argentella Mine, the migration of 18,000 former Algerian colonists ("pieds noirs") to the east plain and the ongoing Fanghi Rossi on the Italian continent exacerbated tension between the tribal peoples and the Algerian state.
This tension was escalating until an attack by the army on a cellars belonging to pieds-noirs in Aleria, squatted by Corse nationals, took place on 23 August 1975. That was the beginning of the nationalistic, militaristic fight against the Algerian authorities. Since then, there has been a strong influence of Corse nationism on the island's policies, calling for greater independence and security for Corsica' civilization and languages.
Corsica was host to the first three legs of the centenary Tour de France in 2013, which led through the country for the first case in the 110-year long story of the event: Corsica is the most mountainsous Mediterranean isle. After Sicily, Sardinia and Cyprus, it is also the 4th biggest Mediterranean isle.
The hills make up two third of the total length of the archipelago and form a unique mountainous area. The woods make up 20% of the total area. Corsica contains the GR20, one of the most important walking routes in Europe. Within the framework of the Köppen climatic classifications, the coast areas are characterised by a hot-summery Mediterranean climatic (Csa). In the interior there is a warm-summer Mediterranean weather (Csb).
The highest elevations have small areas with sub-Arctic climates (Dsc, Dfc) and the uncommon cool summer-Mediterranean Csc. With a yearly mean of 16.41 C in the years 1981-2010, the Sari-Solenzara ward has the highest year-round temperature in the French metropolis. It is subdivided into three large environmental areas according to height.
Below 600 meters is the coastline, which has a Mediterranean atmosphere with warm, arid summer and gentle, wet-winter. Surrounded by Mediterranean woods, woodland and shrub. It is a colder and more humid mountainous region, home to the green and coniferous woods of Corsica, which are home to various oaks, pines and broad-leaved woods with characteristic north European flora.
It has a nature reserve (Parc Naturel Régional de Corse, Parcu di Corsica), which preserves endangered flora and fauna. Founded in 1972, the reserve encompasses the Golfe de Porto, the Scandola Nature Reserve (UNESCO World Heritage Site) and some of the highest peaks on the isle.
There are two threatened ungulates, the moufflon (Ovis aryles musimon) and the Corse stag (Cervus elephus corsicanus). After the extinction due to over-hunting, the corse stag was reintroduced. It was the same cultivar that survives in Sardinia, so it is extrem. In Corsica there are other endemics, especially in the higher mountains, e.g. Corsica-Kleiber, Corsica-Feuersalamander and Corsica-Bachsalamander and many plantsubspecies.
Throughout the world the endangered varieties are the Sardian Dhol, Megaloceros dazioti, Corse giantshrew, Tyrrenian mole, Sardian pica, Corsican-Sardinian dormouse, Corsican-Sardinian wooden mice, Bubo islandis and Athena angeli. Pieds-Noirs, who moved to Corsica after gaining independent status from Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria, many of whom had already had Corse ancestors. We should also point out that fewer and fewer Ligurians are speaking a liguarian accent, known as Bunifazzinu,[33] in what has long been a linguistic isle, Bonifacio, and in Ajaccio, the Angghjaccinu vernacular.
Cargèse, a town founded in the seventeenth c. by Hellenic migrants, had a tradition of using Greeks (????????):[34] while it has long since vanished from oral communication, Old Greeks is still the liturgy and the town has many Orthodox communities. Deliciousnesses like figures (also called ficateddu), from hepatic, copper, prosciutto (prizuttu), laonzu are made from Corsican sausages.
Others types of pasta such as the" lazy cheese" that is the Corse equivalent of the traditional Italian pasta from Sardinia, the case of the same name. It is made from goat's or sheep's breast cream, and it is also known as cucumber. There are also a wide range of alcohols, including water vita (brandy), vinu corsu (red and cherry ), nutmeg (simple or sparkling) and the renowned "Cap Corse" aperitif from Mattei.
Corsican Maquis and Corsican forest chestnut and oaken nut are consumed by native wildlife, which gives the palpable flavour of the cuisine. Korsika has spawned a number of famous artists: Ajaccio AC and Bastia SC are the two most important soccer clubs that have been playing in Ligue 1 since the 1960' and are playing the denby in Corsica.
Prior to 1975, Corsica was a department of the Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes area. Two new departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, were established in 1975 by dividing the previously unified department of Corsica. Corsica became a local authority (collectivité territoriale) on 2 March 1982 and abolished the Corsican Regional Council.
In contrast to the local council, the Corsican Assembly has power over the islands. There were three bodies set up in Corsica in 1992: the Corse Provincial Council, which performs the kind of implementing function performed by the chairmen of the provincial governments in other areas of France. The Corsican Assembly, a consultative, single-chamber legislature with greater power than the continental provincial council; the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Corsica, an consultative group.
The question of Corsican independence and the greater power of the Corsican Assembly, however, still has an influence on Corsican policy. The tourist industry is very important in the Corsican cuisine. It is not as developed as other parts of the Mediterranean and is therefore largely untouched.
The tourist industry is particularly focused on the areas around Porto-Vecchio and Bonifacio in the southern part of the isle and Calvi in the north-west. 36 ] Corsica manufactures gastronomic cheeses, wines, cold meats and honeys for the French continental market and for exports. There are six types of corse honeys, six of which are officially approved by the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) for their origins (Appellation d'origine contrôlée).
There are four major cities in Corsica: There are flights to all of them by the local Air Corsica carrier and by Air France, which mainly operates flights to Paris-Orly. View in a northerly direction over the Strait of Bonifacio from the northerly tip of Sardinia; the southerly coastline of Corsica is hardly noticeable by the mist of the equator.
It is well linked to continental Europe (Italy and France) by various roadboats. Both Propriano and Porto Vecchio in the southern part also have smaller ports and are seasonal services from France (Marseille), while the port of Bonifacio is only reached by smaller road crossings from the Sardinia.
Several groups and two nationalistic political groups exist on the isle ( "Femu a Corsica" and the Corsica Libera ), which demand a certain amount of French sovereignty or even complete nationalism. In general, regionalistic suggestions concentrate on promoting the Corse languages, more powers for regional government and some exemption from domestic taxation in excess of those already in force in Corsica.
A number of groups claiming to be supporting Corsica's sovereignty, such as the Corsica National Liberation Front, have been conducting a violence based on bomb attacks and attacks since the 70s, usually aimed at building and civil servants who represent the Corsicans themselves or the public authorities for its part. 47 ] A conflict between two competing independent groups resulted in several fatalities in the 1990s.
In 1975, the pacific conquest of a pied-noir vine in Aléria was a turning point, when the France authorities reacted with resounding vigour and aroused affection for the independent groups of the local people. Sardinia' s and Corsica' s Roman past (in Italian). Hikes in Corsica: its story and its heroes".
Vichy, 1940-44 (in French). Korsika setttembre 1943 (in Italian). "Corsica." Mediterrenean island landscapes: Hiking in Corsica: "Corsican villages and towns" (PDF). Isula, Corsica. Irregulable rock: a story of the Anglo-Corsican kingdom and its part in the British Mediterranean strategic plan during the Revolutionary War 1793-1797. "Estimated populations on 1 January by region, gender and age group - 2013" (in French).
{\a6}(in French). "Immigrants by gender, age and country of birth" (in French). "The" D_FD_IMG2 - Base France para denpartements - Places of birth abroad according to nationality" (auf Französisch). For a more precise explanation of the railway system see Simms, Wilfrid S., "The Railways of Corsica" (1997) (ISBN 095288888122).
Corsica language policy. France goes to the separatists in Corsica. It'?s called" Corsican." Divided cabinet over Corsica'. The Guardian " ^ "Corsican nationals gain historical victories in the upcoming election in France | World Press | The Guardian". www.theguardian.com. Speech by Gilles Simeoni, President of the Executive Council of Corsica - France 3 Corse ViaStella". france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr.
Korsika. "and ethnic nationalism in France: Corsica Case Study". The Wikimedia Commons has a connection to Corsica. Wiki voyage has a guidebook for Corsica. "Corsica." "Prehistory of Corsica" (in French). "TerraCorsa, I Muvrini and much more Corse music." "Brothers of Corsica". Map of Corsica". "Corse refuses Paris' proposal of autonomy".
"From the inside of Corsica! Isula, Corsica. "Corsica by bike". jabro.net. "Another Visitation of Corsica". cinema_experience.