Atlantis
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At Atlantis (ancient Greek: ????????, "Island of Atlas") is a fictitious isle, alluded to in an allusion to the hybris of nation in Plato's works of Timaeus and Critia, where it depicts the antagonistic maritime force that besieged the "ancient Athens", the pseudohistorical incarnation of Plato's state of ideals in the Republic.... Throughout history, Athens rejects the Atlantic invasion, unlike any other country in the known world[1], which allegedly testifies to the supremacy of Plato's notion of a state.
2 ][3] The tale ends with Atlantis being disgraced by the gods and immersing in the Atlantic Ocean. In spite of its insignificance in Plato's work, the history of Atlantis has had a significant influence on his work. Atlantis' Allegoric aspects were taken up in utopic works by several Renaissance authors such as Francis Bacon's New Atlantis and Thomas Mor's Utopia.
Ignatius L. Donnelly's Atlantis: The Antediluvian World. Plato's ambiguous references to the period of occurrences - more than 9,000 years before his time[6] - and the supposed position of Atlantis - "beyond the Columns of Hercules" - have resulted in many speculations in pseudoscience.
As a result, Atlantis has become a term for all supposedly progressive pre-historic civilisations that have been abandoned and continue to be an inspiration for modern fictions, from comics to film. Atlantis' only main source is Plato's dialogue with Timaeus and Critia; all other references to the islands are from them.
These dialogs allege to cite Solon, who was visiting Egypt between 590 and 580 B.C.; they state that he was translating Atlantis' Egypt Record. 19 ] Posted in 360 B.C., Plato established Atlantis in Timaeus: In these two dialogs, the four persons who appear are the political critics Critias and Hermocrates and the philosopher Socrates and Timaeus of Locri, although only Critias talks about Atlantis.
Plato uses the symbolic methods in his works to argue conflicting standpoints within the framework of a presumption. Timaeus begins with an introductory talk, followed by a report on the creation and structures of the cosmos and old civilisations. Socrates contemplates the ideal company, described in Plato's Republic (ca. 380 BC), and asks himself whether he and his visitors could remember a history that illustrates such a group.
The Critias refers to a story he thought was historic, which would be the ideal example, and then he describes Atlantis as it is written in the Critias. Atlantis seems to be the" ideal society" and Atlantis seems to stand for its opponents, which is the exact opposite of the" perfect" characteristics described in the Republic.
Critias said that the Greek gods split the country so that each god could have its own destiny; Poseidon left the Isle of Atlantis according to his taste. It was bigger than ancient Libya and Asia Minor combined[21][22], but it was later submerged by an quake and became an impenetrable swarm of sludge that prevented the voyage to any part of the oceans.
Platon claimed that the Egyptians described Atlantis as an archipelago that consisted mainly of hills in the north and along the coast and included a large plains in an elongated form in the southern part, three thousand stadiums[about 555 km; 345 mi], but over the centre in the interior of the country there were two thousand stadiums[about 370 km; 230 mi].
" At fifty stadiums[9 km; 6 mi] from the shore was a hill that was low on all sides..... it tore off all around... the main isle itself was five stadiums in diameter[about 0.92 km; 0.57 mi]. Poseidon falls in for Cleito, the Evenor and Leucippe's daughters, who gave birth to five couples of males.
Atlas, the oldest of them, became the legitimate leader of the whole isle and the sea (called the Atlantic in his honour ) and received the hill of his origin and the surroundings as his fief. Atlas' Gemini Gadeirus, or Eumelus in Greek, received the end of the Isle towards the Columns of Hercules.
Then the Atlantians build northwards from the hill and made a itinerary to the remainder of the isle. Digging a large channel to the ocean and cutting tunnel along the bridge into the rocks to allow boats to enter the town around the hill, they cut jails out of the ditch shelters.
Each entrance to the town was protected by doors and turrets, and a barrier encircled each ring of the town. It was the Atlantians who had captured the parts of Libya within the Columns of Hercules as far as Egypt and the rest of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia, subjugating their kin.
Athenians were leading an anti-Atlantic rebellion coalition, and when the coalition disbanded, it asserted itself against the Reich alone and liberated the OCC. A number of antique authors saw Atlantis as a fictitious or metaphoric legend, while others thought it was true. Aristotle thought that Plato, his schoolteacher, had created the Isle in order to learnophy.
19 ] The philospher Crantor, a pupil of Plato's pupil Xenocrates, is often mentioned as an example of a novelist who considered history to be a historic fact. But Proclus, a neo-Platonist of the fifth AD period, tells about it. It was portrayed in contemporary literary sources either as an assertion that Crantor was visiting Egypt, talking to a priest and seeing hieroglyphics that confirmed the history, or as an assertion that he had heard it from other people.
Concerning the entire Atlantians report, some say that it is an austere story, such as Crantor, Plato's first comedian. As Crantor also says, Plato's contemporaries joke ily criticized him for not being the creator of his republic, but for imitating the Egyptian state.
Platon took these reviewers seriously enough to attribute this Athenian and Atlantisian history to the Egyptians to make them say that the Athenians really once used this system. A further part of Proclus's comment on the "Timaeus" describes the geographical situation of Atlantis: Marcellus is not identified.
Others of antique history and philosophy who believe in the existance of Atlantis were Strabo and Posidonius. That would have brought Atlantis to the Mediterranean, which would have given credibility to many of Plato's discussions. It is possible that Clement of Rome in his first letter of Clement, 20:8, refers cryptic to Atlantis: most of these readings are regarded as pseudo history, pseudo science or pseudo-archaeology, since they have presented their works as academically or scientifically, but do not meet the norms or criterions.
Europeans thought the tribal peoples were poor and unable to build what was now in shambles, and by telling a shared story they indicated that another races must have been in charge. During the mid and end of the 19th centuries, several well-known Meso-American academics, beginning with Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, officially suggested that Atlantis was somehow related to the Maya and Azteca cultures, among them Edward Herbert Thompson and Augustus Le Plongeon.
However, soon after these releases, Brasseur de Bourbourg was losing his scholarly credentials by claiming that the Mayan tribes were descendants of the Toltecs, humans he thought to be the survivors of the race-beating civilisation of Atlantis. Atlantis: the Anti-Diluvian World, published by Ignatius L. Donnelly in 1882, aroused great interest in Atlantis.
Influenced by the early works of Mayanism, he tried, as she did, to discover that all known antique civilisations were derived from Atlantis, which he considered a more technically demanding, progressive one. Thinking of Atlantis, where he thought the biblical Garden of Eden exists, he attributed the links to the world.
59 ] As the name of his volume implies, he also thought that Atlantis was devastated by the great Flood of the Bible. Blavatsky recorded Donnelly's interpretation when she composed The Secret Doctrine (1888), which she said was initially written in Atlantis. The Atlantians, she asserted, are considered cultured protagonists (as opposed to Plato, who calls them mainly a strategic threat).
The atlantians were the 4th "root race", followed by the 5th and most advanced "Aryan race" (their own race). 54 ] The theosophists thought that the Atlantis civilisation peaked 1,000,000 to 900,000 years ago, but was devastated by inner wars caused by the hazardous use of psychological and miraculous forces of the people.
The 1934 letter of Julius Evola also indicated that the Atlantians were Hyper-Borean, Scandinavian super-humans originating from the North Pole (see Thule). Alfred Rosenberg (in the myth of the 20th century, 1930) also referred to a "Nordic-Atlantic" or "Aryan-Nordic" mastership. Besides the alleged cure of the patients from this condition, he also talked a lot about the subject of Atlantis.
During his" Lifestyles " he disclosed that many of his subject were reincarnated by humans who had been living on Atlantis. 65 ] He also claimed that Atlantis would "rise again" in the 1960s (which triggered the myths' fame in this decade) and that there was a "Hall of Records" under the Egyptian sphinx, which contains the historic lyrics of Atlantis.
By the time continuous tectonic continents became established in the 1960' and the increasing knowledge of platy tectonic showed the inability of a missing continents in the geological past,[66] most of Atlantis' "lost continent" theory began to lose population. This is what Plato scholars Julia Annas, Regents Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arizona, had to say:
As Kenneth Feder points out, the history of Critias in Timaeus provides an important indication. There have been tens of places suggested for Atlantis since Donnelly's date, to the point where the name has become a general approach that is separate from the peculiarities of Plato's work. Many of the suggested facilities are not located in the Atlantic at all.
The Atlantis scientists Jacques Collina-Girard and Georgeos Díaz-Montexano, for example, maintain that the other' s theory is pseudoscience.)[70] Many of the suggested places agree with some of the features of Atlantis' history (water, disastrous end, pertinent length of time), but none has been proven to be real historic Atlantis. Thera outbreak, dating back to the 17th or 16th centuries BC, created a great tidal wave, some scholars suspect to have ravaged Minoan civilisation on the near Isle of Crete, suggesting to some that this may have been the disaster that inspires history.
Other people have found that before the 6th millennium BC the hills on both sides of the Gulf of Laconia were known as the "Pillars of Hercules"[36][37] and they could be the geographic position described in old accounts on which Plato based his history. If, from the outset, a misunderstanding of Gibraltar as a site and not in the Gulf of Lakonia would be suitable for many misconceptions about the site of Atlantis.
Platon may not have been conscious of the distinction. Thera and the late Bronze Age eruptions affected this area and could have been the destruction to which the springs used by Plato alluded. To tell about the authenticity of Atlantis, Plato states that the history of Solon was owned in Egypt and passed down verbally over several generation by the Dropides to Critias, a spokesman for dialog in Timaeus and Critias.
Solon had allegedly tried to transform the verbal Atlantis traditions into a poetry (which, if released, would be greater than the works of Hesiod and Homer). Solon gave the tale to Dropides. Contemporary classics negate the existance of Solon's Atlantis poetry and history as an oratorio.
102 ] Instead, Plato is considered the only creator or processor. Lesbos' Hellanicus used the term "Atlantis" as the name of a pre-Platon poem[103], a possible Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 11, 1359 piece. 104 ] However, this work only depicts the Atlantids (the subsidiaries of the Atlas) and has no reference to Plato's Atlantis work.
Even for some masculine writers, the Atlantis concept is built on what cannot be obtained. In his Newdigate Prize poetry (1910), Charles Bewley believes it is growing out of discontent with his state, the 1968 Atlantis track by Scots vocalist Donovan describes Atlantis and his hypothetic state. Plato's contemporary imagined the rest of the globe only from Europe, North Africa and West Asia (see Hecataeus of Miletus).
According to Plato, Atlantis has captured all parts of the known West and made it the opposite of Persia in terms of literature. Character, plot and thoughts in Plato's Timaeus criteria. "Atlantis Story: Purpose and Morality." "Plato's ideal state in action". "Utopia, the City and the Machine".
"Weird antiquity of Francis Bacon's new Atlantis." The framework in Critias recounts an supposedly Athens legislator Solon's trip (ca. 638 B.C. - 558 B.C.) to Egypt, where he was narrated the Atlantis narrative, which allegedly took place 9,000 years before his age. "Anatomy of a fiction".
Philosophie and the Origin of Fiction in Plato's Republic". Ramage, Edwin S. Atlantis, fact or fiction? "Etatantis and Egypt." "Truth and Fiction in Plato's Atlantis Tale". "Plato's Atlantis Account - A Distorted Memory of the Trojan War". "Plato's Atlantis Story and the Birth of Fiction." "Atlantis Myth: An Introductory to Plato's Later History".
Plato's "Atlantis History and Ideology of the Fourth Century". Plato's Timaeus is usually dating 360 B.C., followed by his Critias. "Other Look at Atlantis". Timaeus 24e-25a, R. G. Bury Gear. Atlantis Britannica Online Encyclopedia. It was also argued that Plato or someone before him in the string of verbal or literal traditions of the account, inadvertently used very similar Hellenic words for "greater than" ("meson") and "between" ("mezon") - Luce, J.V. (1969).
Atlantis' end - New lights on an old legend. Plato (360 B.C.). "Timaeus". Sync by n17t01 ?? ???????? ????????. "against Crantor and Posidonius on Atlantis." Proclus, commentary on Plato's Timaeus, p. 117. Atlantis. Atlantis: The antediluvian world, New York: Harper & Bros. "Jean-Sylvain Bailly, Madame Blavatsky and the Nazi Myth."
Cayce Edgar on Atlantis. Timaeus Twenty-Five, Jowett TT. NYC, NY: Platons Atlantis in South Morocco? The shaft that wrecked Atlantis Harvey Lilley, BBC News Online, April 20, 2007. Atlantis: The proof of science. "An Atlantis site? "Atlantide "Preuves" Trouvées en Espagne et en Irlande".
Atlantis Find. "Atlantis flooded by the tidal wave can be found". Scientists say they found'Atlantis' in Spain". "Atlantis Bury in Spain's Wetlands". "Tartessus and Atlantis." The Atlantis plan: Atlantis - The Last Continuously Found Santos, Arysio; Atlantis Publications, August 2005, ISBN 0-9769550-0-8.
"Atlantis story: International Journal for the Study of Island Cultures. The following paperback, 1359, which Grenfell and Hunt also identify from the catalogue, is considered by C. Robert as part of his own epos, which he names Atlantis. An Epical Atlantias, Hermes, Volume 52, No. 3 (Jul., 1917), pp. 477-79.
The Wikimedia Commons has a relationship to Atlantis. Check out Wiktionary, the free online glossary. Plato, Timaeus, by Benjamin Jowett in the Gutenberg project; alternate with comment. Plato, Critias, by Benjamin Jowett in the Gutenberg project; alternate with comment. The atlantis was destroyed. Atlantis: The origin of the myth. Plato, The Atlantis Story:
TIMAEU'S 17-27 criteria. Atlantis syndrome. Atlantis: The Atlantis Story: This is a brief story of Plato's legend.